/* =========================================================
   FONTS / COLORS / GLOBAL SETTINGS
   ========================================================= */

   :root{
    --paper:#FFFFFF;
    --paper-2:#F4F6F2;
  
    --ink:#19211C;
    --ink-soft:#43504A;
    --muted:#6E766F;
  
    --green:#1C4636;
    --green-deep:#112C21;
    --green-lit:#2C6B50;
  
    --link:#1E5742;
    --line:#E3E8E1;
  
    --rose:#C27C8C;
    --rose-soft:#E1BFC8;
  
    /* English name */
    --name-font:"Verdana", Arial, sans-serif;

    /* Body font */
    --body-font:"Lato", Arial, sans-serif;
  
    /* Main serif */
    --serif:"Source Serif 4", Georgia, "Lato", serif;
  
    /* Navigation / labels */
    --sans:"IBM Plex Sans", system-ui, -apple-system,
           "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
  
    --measure:66ch;
    --maxw:1080px;
  }
  
  
  /* =========================================================
     GLOBAL
     ========================================================= */
  
  *{
    box-sizing:border-box;
  }
  
  html{
    scroll-behavior:smooth;
  }
  
  body{
    margin:0;
  
    background:var(--paper);
    color:var(--ink);
  
    font-family:var(--body-font);
    font-size:18px;
    line-height:1.65;
  
    -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;
    text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;
  }
  
  a{
    color:var(--link);
    text-decoration:none;
  }
  
  ::selection{
    background:var(--rose-soft);
    color:var(--green-deep);
  }
  
  
  /* =========================================================
     GENERAL WRAPPER
     ========================================================= */
  
  .wrap{
    max-width:var(--maxw);
    margin:0 auto;
    padding:0 clamp(1.25rem,5vw,3rem);
  }
  
  
  /* =========================================================
     SMALL LABELS
     ========================================================= */
  
  .eyebrow{
    font-family:var(--sans);
  
    font-size:.98rem;
    font-weight:600;
  
    letter-spacing:.16em;
    text-transform:uppercase;
  
    color:var(--muted);
  }
  
  .label{
    font-family:var(--sans);
  
    font-size:.9rem;
    font-weight:600;
  
    letter-spacing:.12em;
    text-transform:uppercase;
  
    color:var(--green);
  }
  
  
  /* =========================================================
     NAVIGATION
     ========================================================= */
  
  .nav{
    position:sticky;
    top:0;
    z-index:50;
  
    display:flex;
    align-items:center;
    justify-content:flex-start;
  
    padding:1rem clamp(1.25rem,5vw,3rem);
  
    background:#143528;
  
    border-bottom:1px solid transparent;
  
    transition:
      background .35s ease,
      border-color .35s ease;
  }
  
  
  /* -------- name at left -------- */
  
  .nav__brand{
    display:flex;
    align-items:center;
    gap:.55rem;
  
    flex:0 0 auto;
  
    font-family:var(--serif);
    font-size:1.5rem;
    font-weight:600;
  
    letter-spacing:.01em;
  
    color:#F6F5EF;
  
    transition:color .35s ease;
  }
  
  .nav__dot{
    width:7px;
    height:7px;
  
    border-radius:50%;
  
    background:var(--rose);
  
    display:inline-block;
    flex:0 0 auto;
  }
  
  
  /* -------- navigation links -------- */
  
  .nav__links{
    display:flex;
    align-items:center;
  
    gap:1.8rem;
  
    margin-left:3rem;
  
    font-family:var(--sans);
    font-size:1rem;
    font-weight:500;
  }
  
  .nav__links a{
    position:relative;
  
    padding:.15rem 0;
  
    color:rgba(246,245,239,.78);
  
    transition:color .25s ease;
  }
  
  .nav__links a::after{
    content:"";
  
    position:absolute;
  
    left:0;
    bottom:-3px;
  
    width:0;
    height:1.5px;
  
    background:rgba(246,245,239,.7);
  
    transition:width .25s ease;
  }
  
  .nav__links a:hover{
    color:#FFFFFF;
  }
  
  .nav__links a:hover::after{
    width:100%;
  }
  
  
  /* -------- current page -------- */
  
  .nav__links a.active::after{
    width:100%;
  }
  
  .nav__links a.active{
    color:#FFFFFF;
  }
  
  
  /* =========================================================
     HOME NAVIGATION AFTER SCROLLING
     ========================================================= */
  
  .nav.scrolled{
    background:rgba(252,252,250,.92);
  
    backdrop-filter:saturate(140%) blur(10px);
  
    border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);
  }
  
  .nav.scrolled .nav__brand{
    color:var(--ink);
  }
  
  .nav.scrolled .nav__links a{
    color:var(--ink-soft);
  }
  
  .nav.scrolled .nav__links a:hover{
    color:var(--green);
  }
  
  .nav.scrolled .nav__links a::after{
    background:var(--green);
  }
  
  .nav.scrolled .nav__links a.active{
    color:var(--green);
  }
  
  /* =========================================================
     HOME HERO
     ========================================================= */
  
  .hero{
    padding:clamp(2rem,4vw,3rem) 0 clamp(2.25rem,4vw,3rem);
    background:#143528;
    position:relative;
    overflow:hidden;
  
    /* local colors on the dark hero */
    --line:rgba(246,245,239,.22);
    --ink-soft:#D6DED2;
    --muted:#AABFB0;
    --green:#A9C6B6;
  }
  
  /*
    The hero gets a wider canvas for the portrait, while the text column
    remains capped. This makes the photo larger WITHOUT making the name/
    title column wider.
  */
  .hero .wrap{
    max-width:1080px;
    position:relative;
    z-index:1;
  }
  
  .hero__grid{
    display:grid;
    grid-template-columns:minmax(460px,520px) minmax(520px,1fr);
    gap:clamp(2.5rem,5vw,5rem);
    align-items:center;
  }
  
  .hero__text{
    min-width:0;
    max-width:520px;
  }
  
  /* -------- university line -------- */
  
  .hero__eyebrow{
    margin-bottom:1.15rem;
    white-space:nowrap;
  }
  
  /* -------- main name -------- */
  
  .hero__name{
    font-family:var(--name-font);
    font-weight:600;
    font-size:clamp(2.35rem,3.5vw,3.35rem);
    line-height:1.08;
    letter-spacing:-.015em;
    white-space:nowrap;
    margin:0;
    color:#F8F7F1;
  }
  
  /* Chinese name: bold Kaiti */
  .hero__name .cn{
    font-family:"PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", "Noto Sans SC", serif;
    font-weight:700;
    color:var(--ink-soft);
    margin-left:.35em;
    letter-spacing:.02em;
  }
  
  /* -------- plain-text academic/contact links -------- */
  
  .hero__links{
    display:flex;
    flex-direction:column;
    align-items:flex-start;
    gap:.5rem;
    margin-top:1.7rem;
    font-family:var(--sans);
    font-size:1rem;
    font-weight:500;
  }
  
  .hero__linkrow{
    display:flex;
    flex-wrap:wrap;
    align-items:center;
    gap:1.65rem;
  }
  
  .hero__links a{
    color:#A9C6B6;
    padding:.05rem 0;
    transition:color .2s ease;
  }
  
  .hero__links a:hover{
    color:#FFFFFF;
  }
  
  /* =========================================================
     HERO PHOTO
     ========================================================= */
  
  .hero__figure{
    position:relative;
    margin:0;
    width:100%;
    min-width:0;
    align-self:center;
    justify-self:start;
  }
  
  .photo{
    position:relative;
    z-index:1;
  
    /* intentionally larger than its grid column */
    width:100%;
    max-width:760px;
    aspect-ratio:3/2;
  
    overflow:hidden;
    border:none;
    border-radius:0;
    box-shadow:none;
    background:#143528;
  }
  
  .photo img{
    position:absolute;
    inset:0;
    width:100%;
    height:100%;
    object-fit:cover;
  }
  
  /* subtle fade from the four edges, not from the center */
  .photo::before{
    content:"";
    position:absolute;
    inset:0;
    z-index:2;
    pointer-events:none;
    background:
      linear-gradient(
        to right,
        #143528 0%,
        transparent 2%,
        transparent 98%,
        #143528 100%
      ),
      linear-gradient(
        to bottom,
        #143528 0%,
        transparent 2%,
        transparent 98%,
        #143528 100%
      );
  }
  
  .photo__mono{
    position:absolute;
    inset:0;
    display:grid;
    place-items:center;
    font-family:var(--serif);
    font-weight:300;
    font-size:3.6rem;
    color:#FFFFFF;
    letter-spacing:.04em;
  }
  
  
  /* =========================================================
     HOME ABOUT SECTION
     ========================================================= */
  
  section{
    scroll-margin-top:84px;
  }
  
  .section{
    padding:clamp(3rem,5vw,4.5rem) 0;
  
    border-top:1px solid var(--line);
  }
  
  .section--first{
    border-top:none;
  }
  
  .section__head{
    display:flex;
  
    align-items:baseline;
  
    gap:.75rem;
  
    margin-bottom:2rem;
  }
  
  .section__head .marker{
    width:8px;
    height:8px;
  
    border-radius:50%;
  
    background:var(--rose);
  
    transform:translateY(-3px);
  
    flex:0 0 auto;
  }
  
  .section__title{
    font-family:var(--serif);
  
    font-weight:600;
  
    font-size:clamp(1.7rem,3vw,2.1rem);
  
    letter-spacing:-.01em;
  
    margin:0;
  
    color:var(--ink);
  }
  
  
  /* -------- about text -------- */
  
  .about__body{
    max-width:none;
    width:100%;

    text-align:justify;
  
    font-size:1.12rem;
  
    color:var(--ink-soft);
  }
  
  .about__body p{
    margin:0 0 1.1rem;
  }
  
  .about__body strong{
    color:var(--ink);
  
    font-weight:600;
  }

  .personal-block{
    margin-top:2.2rem;
  }
  
  .personal-block > p:first-child{
    margin-bottom:.5rem;
  }

  .name-note{
    font-size:1rem;
    line-height:1.5;
    color:var(--muted);
    max-width:none;
  }
  
  
  /* -------- research interest tags -------- */
  
  .interests{
    display:flex;
    flex-wrap:wrap;
    gap:.5rem;
    margin-top:1.6rem;
  
    max-width:none;
    width:100%;
  }
  
  .tag{
    font-family:var(--sans);
  
    font-size:.82rem;
    font-weight:500;
  
    color:var(--ink-soft);
  
    padding:.36rem .78rem;
  
    border-radius:4px;
  
    background:var(--paper-2);
  
    border:1px solid var(--line);
  }
  
  
  /* =========================================================
     SECONDARY PAGE LAYOUT
     ========================================================= */
  
  .page{
    padding:clamp(3rem,7vw,6rem) 0;
  
    min-height:70vh;
  }
  
  .page__head{
    margin-bottom:1.8rem;
  }
  
  .page__eyebrow{
    margin-bottom:.4rem;
  }
  
  .page__title{
    font-family:var(--serif);
  
    font-size:clamp(2.2rem,4vw,3.2rem);
  
    font-weight:600;
  
    line-height:1.15;
  
    letter-spacing:-.015em;
  
    margin:0;
  
    color:var(--ink);
  }
  
  .page__intro{
    max-width:var(--measure);
  
    margin-top:1rem;
  
    font-size:1.1rem;
  
    color:var(--ink-soft);
  }
  
  .page__content{
    max-width:var(--measure);
  }
  
  
  /* =========================================================
     RESEARCH / PAPER CARDS
     ========================================================= */
  
     .papers{
        display:flex;
        flex-direction:column;
        gap:0;
      }
  
  .paper{
    background:transparent;
    border:none;
    border-radius:0;
  
    padding:1.6rem 0;
  }
  
  /* horizontal line between papers */
  .paper + .paper{
    border-top:1px solid var(--line);
  }
  
  
  /* -------- paper status -------- */
  
  .paper__status{
    display:inline-flex;
  
    align-items:center;
  
    gap:.45rem;
  
    font-family:var(--sans);
  
    font-size:.75rem;
    font-weight:600;
  
    letter-spacing:.1em;
  
    text-transform:uppercase;
  
    color:var(--rose);
  
    margin-bottom:.85rem;
  }
  
  .paper__status .dot{
    width:6px;
    height:6px;
  
    border-radius:50%;
  
    background:var(--rose);
  }
  
  
  /* -------- title and authors -------- */
  
  .paper__title{
    font-family:var(--serif);
  
    font-weight:600;
  
    font-size:1.45rem;
  
    line-height:1.28;
  
    margin:0 0 .5rem;
  
    color:var(--ink);
  
    letter-spacing:-.005em;
  }
  
  .paper__authors{
    font-family:var(--sans);
    font-size:.95rem;
    color:var(--muted);
    margin:0 0 1.2rem;
  }
  
  .paper__authors .author-name{
    color:var(--green);
    font-weight:600;
  }
  
  .paper__authors .me{
    color:var(--green);
  
    font-weight:600;
  }
  
  
  /* -------- fields inside paper -------- */
  
  .field{
    padding-top:0.3rem;
    margin-top:0.3rem;
    border-top:none;
  }
  
  .field:first-of-type{
    padding-top:0;
    margin-top:0;
  }
  
  .field__label{
    display:block;
  
    margin-bottom:.5rem;
  }
  
  .field__text{
    font-size:1.03rem;
    color:var(--ink-soft);
  
    width:100%;
    max-width:none;

    text-align:justify;
  
    margin:0;
  }
  
  
  /* -------- expandable abstract -------- */
  
  details.abstract{
    margin:0;
  }
  
  details.abstract > summary{
    list-style:none;
  
    cursor:pointer;
  
    display:inline-flex;
  
    align-items:center;
  
    gap:.5rem;
  
    font-family:var(--sans);
  
    font-size:.78rem;
    font-weight:600;
  
    letter-spacing:.12em;
  
    text-transform:uppercase;
  
    color:var(--green);
  
    user-select:none;
  }
  
  details.abstract > summary::-webkit-details-marker{
    display:none;
  }
  
  details.abstract > summary .chev{
    width:14px;
    height:14px;
  
    transition:transform .25s ease;
  
    color:var(--rose);
  }
  
  details.abstract[open] > summary .chev{
    transform:rotate(90deg);
  }
  
  details.abstract .field__text{
    margin-top:.7rem;
  }
  
  
  /* -------- conferences -------- */
  
  .conf{
    font-family:var(--sans);
  
    font-size:.95rem;
  
    color:var(--ink-soft);
  
    max-width:var(--measure);
  
    margin:0;
  }
  
  .conf .yr{
    color:var(--muted);
  }
  
    /* -------- overall format ---------*/
    .page__head{
        margin-bottom:1.5rem;
      }
      
      .paper{
        background:transparent;
        border:none;
        border-radius:0;
        padding:1rem 0;
      }
      
      .paper + .paper{
        border-top:1px solid var(--line);
      }
      
      .field{
        padding-top:.65rem;
        margin-top:.65rem;
        border-top:none;
      }
      
      .field:first-of-type{
        padding-top:0;
        margin-top:.45rem;
      }
      
      .field__label{
        margin-bottom:.3rem;
      }
      
      details.abstract .field__text{
        margin-top:.45rem;
      }

    /* =========================================================
   TEACHING
   ========================================================= */

.teaching{
    width:100%;
  }
  
  .teaching__group{
    margin-top:2rem;
  }
  
  .teaching__group:first-child{
    margin-top:0;
  }
  
  .teaching__category{
    display:inline-block;
  
    margin:0 0 .8rem;
  
    font-family:var(--body-font);
    font-size:1.05rem;
    font-weight:700;
  
    color:var(--ink);
  
    border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);
  }
  
  .teaching__row{
    display:grid;
    grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;
  
    gap:2rem;
  
    align-items:baseline;
  
    margin:.55rem 0;
  }
  
  .teaching__description{
    color:var(--ink-soft);
  }
  
  .teaching__description strong{
    color:var(--green);
    font-weight:700;
  }
  
  .teaching__description em{
    color:var(--ink);
  }
  
  .teaching__affiliation{
    color:var(--muted);
  }
  
  .teaching__date{
    font-style:italic;
    color:var(--muted);
  
    white-space:nowrap;
  }
  
/* =========================================================
   DISCUSSION
   ========================================================= */

   .discussion-list{
    margin-top:1.5rem;
  }
  
  .discussion-year{
    font-family:var(--body-font);
    font-size:1.1rem;
    font-weight:700;
    color:var(--green-deep);
  
    margin-bottom:.35rem;
  }
  
  .discussion-item{
    margin:0;
  
    font-family:var(--body-font);
    font-size:1rem;
    color:var(--ink-soft);
  }
  
  
  /* =========================================================
     CV PAGE
     ========================================================= */
  
  .cv-box{
    max-width:var(--measure);
  
    padding:2rem;
  
    border:1px solid var(--line);
  
    border-radius:8px;
  
    background:#FFFFFF;
  }
  
  .cv-box p{
    margin-top:0;
  
    color:var(--ink-soft);
  }
  
  .cv-button{
    display:inline-flex;
  
    align-items:center;
  
    padding:.65rem 1rem;
  
    font-family:var(--sans);
  
    font-size:.95rem;
    font-weight:500;
  
    color:#FFFFFF;
  
    background:var(--green);
  
    border-radius:4px;
  
    transition:background .2s ease;
  }
  
  .cv-button:hover{
    background:var(--green-deep);
  }
  
  
  /* =========================================================
     FOOTER
     ========================================================= */
  
  .footer{
    background:#112C21;
  
    padding:2.6rem 0 3rem;
  
    margin-top:clamp(2rem,5vw,3.5rem);
  }
  
  .footer__grid{
    display:flex;
  
    flex-wrap:wrap;
  
    justify-content:space-between;
  
    gap:1.5rem;
  
    align-items:flex-end;
  }
  
  .footer__name{
    font-family:var(--serif);
  
    font-weight:600;
    font-size:1.05rem;
  
    color:#F5F4EE;
  }
  
  .footer__contact{
    font-family:var(--sans);
  
    font-size:.9rem;
  
    color:rgba(232,238,229,.75);
  
    margin-top:.4rem;
  }
  
  .footer__meta{
    font-family:var(--sans);
  
    font-size:.78rem;
  
    color:rgba(232,238,229,.5);
  }
  
  .footer__updated{
    margin-top:.45rem;
    font-family:var(--sans);
    font-size:.78rem;
    color:rgba(232,238,229,.5);
  }
  
  .footer a{
    color:#DCE5DC;
  }
  
  
  /* =========================================================
     RESPONSIVE
     ========================================================= */
  
  @media (max-width:760px){
  
    body{
      font-size:17px;
    }
  
    .nav{
      padding:.9rem 1.25rem;
    }
  
    /*
      Hide the name in the navbar on small screens.
    */
  
    .nav__brand{
      display:none;
    }
  
    .nav__links{
      margin-left:0;
  
      gap:1rem;
  
      font-size:.9rem;
  
      width:100%;
    }
  
    .hero .wrap{
      max-width:var(--maxw);
    }
  
    .hero__grid{
      grid-template-columns:1fr;
      gap:2.2rem;
    }
  
    .hero__text{
      max-width:none;
    }
  
    .hero__eyebrow{
      white-space:normal;
    }
  
    .hero__figure{
      max-width:430px;
      order:-1;
    }
  
    .photo{
      width:100%;
      max-width:none;
    }
  
    .hero__name{
      white-space:normal;
    }
  
  }
  
  
  @media (max-width:520px){
  
    .nav__links{
      flex-wrap:wrap;
  
      row-gap:.35rem;
    }
  
    .nav__links a{
      margin-right:.4rem;
    }
  
  }
  
  
  /* =========================================================
     REDUCED MOTION
     ========================================================= */
  
  @media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  
    html{
      scroll-behavior:auto;
    }
  
    *{
      transition:none !important;
    }
  
  }